Thorstein Veblen: Short Bio & Economic Theories & Ideas Essay -- essay

     Thorstein Bunde Veblen (1857-1929) was born in Cato, Wisconsin. He attended Carleton College, as well as the universities of John Hopkins, Yale, and Cornell. He taught political economy and economics from 1892 to 1918 at the University of Chicago, Stanford University, and the University of Misssouri. He retired in 1926 after working for seven years at New York Citys New School for Social Research. He was noted for his significant analysis of our economic system and, by Mark Blaug, for his mastery of the art of satire.          Veblen went against the modern economic beliefs of his day. He identified a problem in our society that most did not. He noticed that the industrialists increased production of goods by hiring engineers to improve efficiency. This, in turn, drove prices down and know profits, so the industry captains cut production to save profits. Ideas like this were prevalent in most of his writings and econ omic theories.           Society, to Veblen, could be described as a division of kindes. The "leisure class" and the "industrious class", the former being described as a predator, parasitic and harmful to society, and the latter being the members who produce goods. This mostly came from his most storied work, The Theory of the Leisure Class, in which he coined the phrase "conspicuous consumption"...

Contrasting Yeats’ Second Coming and Shelleys Ozymandias Essay

Contrasting Yeats Second glide path and Shelleys Ozymandias William Butler Yeats specialized in the early Modernists style of literature. Coming just divulge of the Late Victorian age, Yeats used strong literary and historic elements in literary form to evoke his symbolic message in The Second Coming. through with(predicate) the use of his theme of the new Apocalypse, (lecture notes on Early 20th Century Modernism) he imagined the world was coming into a state of unsurity from the post-WWI Modernist experience. The war left the great unwashed in a state of chaos, and although the war was meant to bring people a sense of hope for no more wars in the future, it did far more injury then good, especially in peoples minds. The time in the Modernist era was reflected in the equally chaotic, and choppy word structure in Yeats poem. In The Second Coming conditions are illustrated as being chaotic, Things fall apart the centre cannot hold/ Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world (Yeats, L ongman p. 2329 ll. 3-4), confused in a way. Those words he uses, fall apart, cannot hold, and anarchy are ...

The Future of Television and Technology :: Film Television Technology

With the development of digital technologies the future of television lies with Satellite or Cable Broadcasting. The era of Terrestrial Broadcasting is now over.In my life, I have only witnessed first hand, the effects of media and its development since about 1995, as this is the earliest I can remember. However, my huge interest in the subject has hand me to broaden my knowledge over the way media had developed in the 1980s and even earlier. I believe that what I have witnesses is in fact the most serious time period in the media development timeline so far.

The Evolution of Capital Punishment Essay -- Death Penalty

The Evolution of heavy(p) PunishmentEver since there has been crime, there has been punishment. One form of punishment that has existed since the beginning of society is capital punishment. As crime and societies have evolved over time, so have capital punishment, its forms, and its reasons for use. Capital punishment is defined as the operation or death for a capital offense. (Hill & Hill 1995 75) A capital offense is defined as being any criminal charge that is guilty by the death penalty. (Hill & Hill 1995 75) A capital offense usually means that no bail will be allowed.Capital punishment has existed since the earlier civilizations such as the ancient Greeks, Romans, and even the English have existed. Death sentences were not only carried out centuries agvirtuoso, but they were also given out as sentences in formal courts. In ancient Greece, the death penalty was ordered for what are known as minor crimes in modern day living. The rules of capital of Italy were not much more me rciful to say the least. Starting a fire or even disturbing the peace after dark could burn down such a verdict as death by fire or worse. And finally in England, there were over 200 offenses that could be punishable by death. (Landon 1992 9)The English, were in position, the main reasons as to why the death penalty exists in America. Capital punishment became a truly important part of the create verbally rules at the time of the first wave of colonists that arrived in America. The rules varied from colony to colony although the rules remained quite similar all the same. (Landon 1992 10) The death penalty in very early America was the end result of a murderous conviction the majority of the time although it was put to use for many other crimes. Due to the fact that there was no separation of power between the church and the American government and the fact that a simple accusation could cost somebody their life, the eighth and then later on, the 14th amendments were created. Th e 8th amendment states that Excessive bail or fines and cruel punishment are prohibited. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor immoderate fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. The 14th amendment then states that All persons born or naturalized in the United put ups, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or... ...t is awfully convenient to be able to go both ways on such a subject.It is fascinating to be able to notice the evolution of such an important subject in our history and how it is still changing. It is worth noting that the death penalty is not simply the some serious criminal punishment there is to offer, but is has and is still a social, moral, and legal problem in society. It was a problem 200 years ago and still is today. It is a subject that all people most likely will not be able to come to an agreement on, but it is one that will continue to evo lve so all we can do for now is watch and see. Bibliography1.Hill, Gerald N., and Kathleen Thompson Hill. Real Life Dictionary of the Law. Los Angeles, General Publishing Group, Inc., 19952.Zimering, Franklin E., and Gordon Hawkins. Capital Punishment and the American Agenda. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 19863.Berns, Walter. For Capital Punishment Crime and the Morality of the Death Penalty. New York, Basic Books Inc., 19794.Landon, Elaine. Teens and the Death Penalty. Hillside, Enslow Publishers, 19925.Herda, D.J. Furman v. Georgia. Springfield, Enslow Publishers, 1994

Joseph Stalin vs. Maximilien Robespierre Essay -- essays research pape

Robespierre is known as possibly the greatest leader of the French Revolution. Stalin is known as one of Russias greatest leaders. there are many differences and connaturalities in each of their reigns as leaders. Both used economic plans and total war stew as a campaign to shape up there revolution. Stalin and Robespierre used their revolutions, however, through terror Stalin remained true to his revolution but Robespierre betrayed his. Stalin had an ingenious plan to help his countrys economy get plunk for on track. He called this plan the Five Year Plan which consisted of four parts. First was a plan to increase industrial output in vanadium years because Russia was far behind the Great Powers of Europe. Second was the end of NEP, New Economic Plan, in Russia. NEP was a nonher way of saying collectivization. Third was more focused to the increase of steel production, which they were able to do by five hundred percent. And lastly was his commitment of investing one-third of the governments income to industry.Robespierre had a similar economic takeover tied in with his total war effort. Robespierres total war effort helped both to better the economy and unite France. His effort included a draft of all able bodied, single men, fixed prices on goods, and the bread of equality bread that was made from regular wheat and not the wheat used in pastries which were often viewed as rich people food. The total war effort al...

Bioterrorism and Plague Essay -- Biological Terrorism Terrorist Homela

Bioterrorism and PlaguePlague, also known as Yesirnia pestis, has wreaked havoc since the branch documented bang in the 6th century, along with changing the course of history. Although bubonic plague is the most common form of plague, pneumonic plague is the much fatal form of the bacteria. It is the only form that has been successfully aerosolized by man and has the potential of taking down a mass of people in days. If used as a bioweapon, it would cause major damage. This paper is designed to inform you of the history, the facts, and the precautions needed to prevent a bioterrorist attack. In 1970, The World Health arrangement estimated that 50 kg, or 110 lb, of Y. pestis sprayed over a city would infect 150,000 individuals and kill about 40,000 (Grey, p.218).Throughout history, there have been plague epidemics that have killed thousands of people. From the Athenian plague starting in 430 B.C. to the famous Black Death in 1346, people from all over the world have been caught in chaos with inadequate treatments and no reliable way of preventing this horrible disease from spreading. Today, vast medical advancements have yielded successful treatments for the plague, but people are still highly pliable to widespread disaster if a bioterrorist attack does manage to occur.In 430-26 B.C. during the Peloponnesian War, which was fought between Sparta and Athens, overcrowded conditions in the cities allowed plague to spread quickly. It claimed tens of thousands of victims including Pericles, the former leader of Athens. We know of this outbreak because of the last remaining source Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War (Smith, p. 1). Having been through the plague himself, Thucydides described the symptoms w... ...5. Arizona Dept. of Health Services. 8 July 2005FAQ About Plague. 2005 CDC. 5 April 2005. www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/plague/faq.aspMed TV. Bubonic Plague Symptoms. 2006. MED TV. 11 Oct. 2006. www.plague.emedtv.com/bubonic-plague-symptoms.htmlHend erson, Donald Inglesby, Thomas and OToole, Tara. Bioterrorism. Chicago American Medical Association, 2002.Inglesby, Thomas and Dennis, Davis. Plague as a biologic Weapon. Medical and Public Health Management. 2000. JAMA. 3 May 2000. http//jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/283/17/228/Natural History. Plague. 2005. CDC. 30 March 2005. http//cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/history.htm100 mayoclinic. Plague. Health Library. 1998-2008. Mayo Clinic. 1 Sept. 2006. www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/DS/OQ493.htmlGrey, Michael and Spaeth, Kenneth. Plague. The Bioterrorism Sourcebook. The McGraw-Hill Companies US. 2006.

Bioterrorism and Plague Essay -- Biological Terrorism Terrorist Homela

Bioterrorism and PlaguePlague, also known as Yesirnia pestis, has wreaked havoc since the first documented outbreak in the 6th century, along with changing the lineage of history. Although bubonic plague is the most common form of plague, pneumonic plague is the more fatal form of the bacteria. It is the only form that has been success goody aerosolized by man and has the potential of taking down a mass of people in days. If used as a bioweapon, it would cause major damage. This paper is knowing to inform you of the history, the facts, and the precautions needed to prevent a bioterrorist attack. In 1970, The World Health Organization estimated that 50 kg, or 110 lb, of Y. pestis sprayed over a city would corrupt 150,000 individuals and kill about 40,000 (Grey, p.218).Throughout history, there have been plague epidemics that have killed thousands of people. From the Athenian plague starting in 430 B.C. to the famous Black Death in 1346, people from all over the world have been caug ht in chaos with insufficient treatments and no reliable way of preventing this horrible disease from spreading. Today, vast checkup advancements have yielded successful treatments for the plague, but people are still highly susceptible to widespread disaster if a bioterrorist attack does manage to occur.In 430-26 B.C. during the Peloponnesian fight, which was fought between Sparta and Athens, overcrowded conditions in the cities allowed plague to spread quickly. It claimed tens of thousands of victims including Pericles, the former leader of Athens. We know of this outbreak because of the last remaining source Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War (Smith, p. 1). Having been through the plague himself, Thucydides described the symptoms w... ...5. Arizona Dept. of Health Services. 8 July 2005FAQ About Plague. 2005 CDC. 5 April 2005. www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/plague/faq.aspMed TV. Bubonic Plague Symptoms. 2006. MED TV. 11 Oct. 2006. www.plague.emedtv.com/bubonic-plague-symp toms.htmlHenderson, Donald Inglesby, Thomas and OToole, Tara. Bioterrorism. Chicago American Medical Association, 2002.Inglesby, Thomas and Dennis, Davis. Plague as a Biological Weapon. Medical and Public Health Management. 2000. JAMA. 3 May 2000. http//jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/283/17/228/Natural History. Plague. 2005. CDC. 30 March 2005. http//cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/history.htm100Mayoclinic. Plague. Health Library. 1998-2008. Mayo Clinic. 1 Sept. 2006. www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/DS/OQ493.htmlGrey, Michael and Spaeth, Kenneth. Plague. The Bioterrorism Sourcebook. The McGraw-Hill Companies US. 2006.

African American vs. Caucasian Americans Essay

Is Racism a Permanent sign of American Society? Derrick bell argues in this issue that the prospects for achieving racial equation in the United States are illusory for Blacks. bell reminds us despite the fact of the progress of low-spiriteds in United States the legacy of slavery has left a portion of the race with life-long poverty and soul devastating despair. Bell believes that race consciousness is so imbedded in sportsmanlikes that it is virtually impossible to rise higher up it.He as well argues that few whites are able to identify with blacks as a group and tend to view blacks through comforting racial stereotypes. Bell feels strongly that critical and proper examination of the history of black-white relations supports his conclusion that racism is a ageless feature of American Society. Bell makes some acceptable point about racism in the American society today. The fact that the psychical part of racism is gone does not mean that racism as permanently left American Society. The fact that racism til now exist is does not reflect on blacks success any longer.Majority of whites had a wellspring start because their generation of success goes so many years back, were as for blacks success was not allowed at a point in time. Blacks have keep down a long ways over the years that there is becalm racial dissimilitude that affects the black population. Dinesh DSouza does not agree with Bell, he believes that racism is not a permanent Strain of fabric in the American Society. DSouza distinguishes between racial discrimination that is irrational, motivated by dogmatism and which is rational from the point of view of the discriminator. DSouza admits that such discrimination may be harmful to individual blacks but he rejects any casual linkage between the lagging indicators of blacks overall progress with racial discrimination. He believes race is a diminishing force within American society, DSouza argues that factors other than racial discrimination are the sources of lagging process toward the American Dream. DSouza reasoning for blacks not achieving more in America is because blacks fail to observe and embrace certain(a) cultural norms of the dominant American Society.He implies that those who are successful exhibit cultural values that promote success. He states blacks need to place a a good deal bang-uper emphasis on overcoming cultural barriers rather than continuing to assert that race is being held by a persistent racism that afflicts America. Blacks generation has come a long way in American Society. Racism shouldnt be the excuse for the failure in African American success when in 1919- current we have African American first. Slavery started around 1808 and ended in 1865 due to Lincoln Emancipation Proclamation.Racism was still in effect because the fact that blacks had rights was sensitive. Still in all there were blacks who succeed shortly after that time. Madame C. J. Walker was the first African American young -bearing(prenominal) who was a self-made millionaire. In 1893 Dr. Daniel Hale Williams was the first black to perform open heart surgery. In 1908 Jack Johnson was the First African-American world behemoth Champion. In 1993 Toni Morrison was the first African-American to win the Nobel Prize for literature. In 2009 Barack Obama was the first black president of the United States, with the support of some whites.Racism still is permanent due to history but it is not an excuse for Blacks not becoming successful. Derrick bell major argument is that blacks are faced at the bottom of the well. Bell exclaims despite undeniable progress for many, no African American is insulated from incidents of racial discrimination. He states because of our color we are threaten through our peppys, careers. Dinesh DSouza states racism undoubtedly exists, but it no longer has the power to thwart blacks or any other group in achieving their economic, political, and social aspirations.The arguments relates to the overall theme because yes, racism still occurs but it should not pun Blacks from achieving their aspiration. Bell major point is as a Black he experiences the racism. Blacks can work in a white community and experience racism because whites fear the superiority of blacks. DSouza points out in his argument that racism is the least bit worries blacks should have, when there are black on black crime occurring. Racism should not be such an excuse for underclass blacks not achieving their goals.DSouza points out the facts where African Americans now live in a country where black man, Colin Powell, who three decades ago could not be served in restaurants, is now a Joint chief staff. Also a white man who supported the nomination of Clarence Thomas, a black man married to a white, for the Supreme Court. DSouza question is if white racism controls the minginess of blacks today, how one segment of black community has prospered so much over the past generation. Some unsupported claims in bells argument was he says, Modern discrimination is, moreover, not practiced indiscriminately. Bell implies whites idolize black athletes and entertainers but refuse to fill and work with blacks. Bell also states whites who number individuals blacks among their closest friends approve, or do not oppose, practices that bar selling or renting homes or apartments in their neighborhood to blacks they do not know. Then in his argument he also states that most hotels and restaurants, who offer black patrons courteous treatment, uniformly reject black job applicants. Bell defense for this was When did you last see black waiter in a really good restaurant.These are unsupported claims because this may be true but there are no proven facts that anti-Semite(a) is the cause of these arguments. In DSouza arguments there were not any unsupported claims really found. DSouza stated his arguments and had accurate information to support his defense. DSouza makes great points and has a lot of well-groundedity in his arguments. He states if blacks are going to reform their community, they have a right to expect that they will be tempered equally under law.Hypothetically speaking DSouza implies if blacks were refused hire on every baseball team in America, blacks would suffer most because they would be denied the go on to play professional baseball. Fans would also suffer because the quality of games would diminish. He says But what if a few team-say the New York Yankees and the Los Angeles Dodgers- refused to hire blacks? African Americans has a group would scarce suffer at all, because they would offer there service to other teams. DSouza saying the Yankees and the Dodgers would suffer a great deal, because they would be deprived of the chance to hire talented blacks players.Eventually the competitive pressure would force those teams to either hire blacks or suffer losses in games and revue. Then he makes another valid point he referenced from Gary Becker pointed out, in free market, selective discrimination imposes the heaviest cost on the discriminator where it should be. Some whites will undoubtedly discriminate against blacks but with deal with them because of the law and taste for profit. *Dinesh DSouza is an Indian American conservative political commentator, public intellectual and current president of the Kings College in New York City.He graduated from Dartmouth College, where he graduated with a B. A. in English. DSouza also published a book in 2007 called The Enemy at home the cultural left and its responsibility for 9/11. In his argument DSouza used government documents, books, articles and oral very frequently. DSouza would state his imprint and have facts and documents to support his defense. No, the reading did not significantly add to my knowledge because these are issues that has been discussed for many years. In the article I did learn some new ways of thinking of Racism.This article did broaden my thoughts with the factual ev idence the authors used to support their defense. I would recommend this article to be read to those who do not have a clear understanding of the term racism. The subject that was focus on in this case study is racism a permanent feature of American Society? The case study focused on political, social and economic issues. Bell argued blacks will never gain full equality in American and DSouza argued that blacks have equality and racism is not important issue blacks should be worried about in today society.

Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter Critique

Critique of Abraham Lincoln vampire hunting watch (2012) Tanya Willie ENG 225 Introduction to scene Prof. Sarah Snook January 24, 2013 Critique of Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter (2012) In Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter (2012), the actions that take place began with its use of layertelling, acting, cinematography, editing, dense, style, and directing each part creating the masterpiece. I will reveal how the storytelling is contend out, the different graphic symbols of actors that is universe used, how cinematography and editings roles take effect, and how the style and directing affect the conduct.In Abraham Lincoln lamia Hunter (2012), Abraham struggled with the loss of his mother. As a young boy he fights when standing up for a friend who was being treated as a knuckle land by stopping him from being beaten with a whip. Unknown at the sequence, this man was truly not a man, only if a vampire. When young Abrahams father intervenes, it haves a target on his family. It di d not help when Abrahams mother stated until all man is free, we are altogether slaves (Bekmambetov, 2012). The vampire in brief after snuck into the Lincolns home and killed Abrahams mother, which all takes place while he watched from his loft above.His struggle with her loss grew indoors him into adulthood where he finally began to plot on killing the man who took his mother from him. During his plotting, while drowning his sorrows in a bar, Abraham meets a man. This man eventually saves him when he attempts to kill Barts, the vampire that killed his mother. henry Sturges agrees to teach Abraham to destroy, not kill, vampires as long as Abraham commits to becoming a spacious time vampire hunter and let go of his vengeance. Henry tells Abraham that you cannot kill that which is not dead, you must destroy them (Bekmambetov, 2012).Along Abrahams journey he destroys many vampires with his ax coated with silver on the blade, yet not getting the privilege to hunt the main vampire he desires. In time he finds the love of a woman, Mary Todd, and his place as a semipolitical leader. All this is very much to the dismay of his mentor, Henry, being it is against the code of a vampire hunter who is damned to live a life with no friends, family, or career. These things became prominent after Abraham found out that Henry was a vampire himself. In Abrahams politics he uses the words of his mother to guide him with his ambitions.The story is active how a boy becomes a man after the mysterious death of his mother, and how her words, until every man is free, we are all slaves lingered in his mind transforming him into a man (Bekmambetov, 2012). The irony of the death of his mother is that he could save his friend, but could not save his mother, leaving Abraham to struggle with the conflicting anger he contained from her being taken away so soon in his life. It takes nine courses for him to realize his anger was all due to him feeling that he failed to save her. with al he is ironically trained to destroy vampires by Henry who he later learns is also a vampire.This film used a variety of actors in order to create this masterful collection of scenes. Not only did they speak the script, but had to become the character so the audience would believe what they precept. Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter (2012) starred Benjamin Walker as Abraham Lincoln, an impersonator actor portraying a secret vampire hunter who later becomes the President of the get together States. Dominic Cooper was the wild beleaguer actor, starring as Henry Sturges, Abrahams mentor and a vampire himself. Mary Elizabeth Winstead starred as Mary Todd Lincoln, Abrahams wife.Anthony Mackie starring as Will Johnson was his close, childhood friend. Rufus Sewell starred as Adam, the father of all the American vampires. Last of all Marton Csokas starred as the one who started it all Jack Barts, the vampire who killed Abrahams mother. Anthony, Mary, Rufus, and Marton were in the backgrou nd simply character actors used as minor roles set deviation from Benjamin Walker who played the leading role, impersonating a well-known historic figure do him an impersonator actor (Goodykoontz, & Jacobs, 2011, Sec. 3. 4 para. 1). Dominic was also a leading actor.Dominic is a wild card as he had to play a man one moment and a vampire the next. The actors helped to convey the storys meaning by use the interpretation of their characters. I find the most difficult roles to play as Will Johnson and Abraham Lincoln. Anthony has to play a boy fighting to prove he was innate(p) free, but after the long fighting African Americans had to fight for freedom I am not sure I could do as good a job as he did. Benjamin Walker has the difficult task of making the viewers see him as a well know historical figure. Each actor pulled through and convinced me that they were their character, not just playing the role.Cinematography takes the actors, putting them in specific pictures to make how the film looks using different lighting, tv television camera angles, color types, distance and framing to bring things together creating a specific look and feel. Caleb Deschanel begins the film with a wide speculation of a free nation, present time in Lincolns time as President, in Washington, D. C. The shot was clear and bright just how Caleb precious the viewers to see it. This bright scene is portraying the free nation, victorious after a long struggle of dark times. Gradually the scene takes us back to the past as Lincoln begins narrating him life.His story begins with a dark and gloomy time shown by the cinematographers use of low-level lighting. The colorize of the film changes from blues to yellows depending on the mood of the scene. The blue tints were for a sad and dreary time while the yellow tint was meant for an eerie feeling. Caleb uses different camera angles throughout the film. When the camera looks down on a character, we may be intended to view that character as below us or modest to another character in the film, in a submissive position, or simply from an objective distance (Goodykoontz, & Jacobs, 2011, sec. . 6 para. 2). One example is when Abraham is looking down at Barts after his first attempt to kill him. At times we are able to see what the character sees this suggests the use of a subjective camera. The camera changes from showing the whole scene, to close-ups, the viewing things through Abrahams eyes. All these things are put into motion by Caleb Deschanel, the cinematographer, who pictures the film scene by scene, cut by cut, and frame by frame in order to enhance how we, the viewers, feel about what we have seen.In this film it is mostly fear, anger, and victory that are being felt up The editor arranges the shots and scenes into acts, and uses different transitions to put them together. William Hay, the editor, chose each shot, putting them into order to achieve the incongruous editing. Even as this story begins with a prese nt day time for Abraham Lincoln, he is narrating it from his journal venturing into his past, putting the film in a non-linear order. Direct cuts are used in this film to join shots within a scene. This type of cut is the simplest and often taken for granted.If I were not in Introduction to film learning about these details I would have never sight this happening. According to figure 5. 1 Editing Transitions of out text, a direct cut is when one shot instantaneously replaces another on the screen (Goodykoontz, & Jacobs, 2011, Sec. 5. 3 fig. 5. 1). William uses single frames with direct cuts joining them to establish a more intense scene for action shots. This gives them the opportunity to use different camera angles to stimulate the viewer, making the scene one that makes your heart race. Other shots are longer in order to create a constant feel.Editing is used to imply a battle is taking place. In the scene, in the dark this is used when you hear a huge battle taking place but see only darkness, but when the light comes back on Abraham and Henry are beaten and bloody implying an event took place that had not actually happened. The scene is enhanced by the sound effects creating a stronger sense that it is actually taking place. The appearance in which William edits this film helps to create a belief in the actions taking place. Films in the year 2012 are dependent on the sounds so we can understand what is happening.In Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter (2012) dialogue, sound effects, and music play an important role in the film. Throughout this film I found equal amounts of dialogue, sound effects, and music balancing things so evenly that without any part the film would not be as successful. Most of the dialogue is of Abraham narrating the events in his journal, but as this takes place it also shows actual conversations between the characters. This helps keep the audiences attention by keeping it interesting. Sound effects are used to emphasize the battles ta king place as well as encourage more than sense to be used while watching the film.For example, I not only saw Abrahams ax swinging, but I could hear the swoosh sound as it flew through the air. Music done by Henry Jackman also plays its part by invoking an emotional response since it speeds up in action scenes and slows down to create a more morbid mood. Without the sounds of the dialogue, sound effects, and music within this film it would lose the interest of the audience quickly. Timur Bekmambetov is the director/ producer for this film and often whole shebang with action films. He has a history of working with war scenes as well as fantasy. He makes his view of this film evident through his work.His view, in my opinion, is that the film is about Abraham Lincoln having a secret identity as being a vampire hunter with the underlying meaning being about his fight for freedom. Timur shows how young Abraham fights for young Wills freedom, his own freedom from anger and grief, freedo m from the fear of vampires, and freedom for a nation of slavery. He does this by the many battles Abraham physically fights. It begins when he fights to help his friend, young Will, from being beat with a whip, moving on to his fight within himself in regards to him allowing his mother to die, and internal battle.It then shows his fight for survival on to his fight for freeing the nation from vampires. Last of all Abraham fights for the freedom of the slaves, standing strong by the words of his mother, until every man is free, we are all slaves (Bekmambetov, 2012). Timur is able to create these battles with his experience in films dealing with action and fantasy. Tim Bekmambetov is experienced in revealing his point of view within the film, making it known to the audience. This action, fantasy, horror film sends the viewer spiraling back into the past to a time when slavery was acceptable.I felt that since the director and producers, Timur Bekmambetov, Tim Burton, and Jim Lemley d id such a great job setting the scene that I could believe this was a true reality for Abraham Lincoln. It touches the controversial subjects of slavery and war crossed with the belief in the supernatural. The film has such a realistic feel to hit, I find myself strangely wondering if Abraham actually fought against vampires, making me wonder, in a world full of the unknown, if vampires could have been part of this reality in the past.Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter (2012) is classified as a horror film with the subgenres being in accounting and Vampire. It gave a thrilling experience with the action scenes where vampires are being fought to keep them from taking over. It is a horror film due to the fear that vampires create. History is a subgenre because the film reflects a time that actually occurred in the pant, and the other subgenre is Vampire for obvious reasons. The film had my interest as soon as I saw the word Vampire others may have focused on the history. It is funny that the film was more affected by society than it was on society.The violent manner used in the killings and the lack of censoring the scenes show how our society has advanced from the past when these scenes were only left up to the viewers imagination. Presently I pay no attention to this but older viewers like my parents say it would never be accepted in the past. So far I found that the storytelling was clear and exciting, the acting was precise, and Calebs cinematography was on point. The editing by William and his direct cut transitions gave way to an exciting film set aside only by the sounds of dialogue, sound effects, and music by Henry Jackman.Overall the style and directing allowed for a film that was impacted more by society than it was on society. All these things came together to create a film full of action, fantasy and horror. References Bekmambetov, T. (Director/Producer). (2012). Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter. Motion Picture. United States 20th Century Fox. Goodykoont z, B. , & Jacobs, C. P. (2011). Film From Watching to Seeing. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https//content. ashford. edu/AUENG225. 11. 2

Hurricane Island: Outward Bound School Case Essay

The objectives of the organization is to provide a safe, challenging, educational experiences in a wilderness setting with is heraldic bearingfully structured to improve self-esteem, self-reliance, concern for others and care for the environment.The strategy taken to achieve that is by carefully constructing the course to provide the challenges while ensuring safety, having the course directors and an active Trustee Safety Committee to rigorously monitored the activities and instructors, and to a fault making sure the instructors are all certified and qualified.So far i think both the objectives and strategy complement each other.The customers are populate that search for adventure, wanting to do something more exciting in their life. They are segmented to high school, college students and adults. they are buying the experience of the lifetime that most of their handed-down classes or 9-5 job wont provide.The organization is divided between how to juggle between maintaining their inwardness values yet be sustainable. Their strength is that legion(predicate) of those working in the organization are passionate about what they do and really believe it. This give them real motivation. But their weakness is they do non know how to maximize the utilization of resources, be sustainable, yet able to localize and provide experience for the underprivileged.The various program can help strategize the organization to stop position themselves both. The effort put in could be quantify by the amount of increase in recruitment and revenue.Marketing management should have a free hand in resources in the effort in attracting more clients and increase revenue, however operations management will need to focus on the core value of the organization and be the check and balance to the marketing, making sure in the effort to increase revenue, they do not lose focus on the directions.Philip chin should continue with his effort to attract more corporate clients, while making sur e his strategy does not take precedent of the core value of the organization

Quality Compliance at the Hawthorn Arms Essay

1. Consider the three candidates in Exhibit A below. If forced to make a decision tomorrow, which candidate should Alistair choose for the job? What major factors should make up his choice?* Every candidate has different strengths and weaknesses* Marie good technical as well as administrative abilities* Janos knows Hungarian culture and speaks the language, see with the local products* Sinead has get word in the organiyational and administrative part of joint ventures, knowledge about local and global products* The different abilities have to be compared and analyzed in relation to the idle position* Marie is the best choice* Long experience with Trianon in different areas* Became acquainted with different cultures even if not the Hungarian* Good technical commandment / background* Fitting family status (child in university)* Good language skills* Janos* Cultural aptitude* Knowledge of Hungarian language* Fitting family status* Short experience with Trianon* Contacts to politcs m ay be a problem* Lack of technical experience* Sinead* Great technical experience even in joint ventures and the appropriate engineering science* Weak cultural aptitude* Weak language skills* Family status might be a problem (3 underaged children)2. We are told nothing of the process that Trianon uses to recruit candidates for ths aim of final picking. Given what you know about the firm from the case, outline a general recruitment and selection process for Trianon. Describe how your proposal fits with best selection practices as well as the strategic needs of this company.* Job requirements* Technical experience* Cross cultural aptitude* Family status* Companys requirements, peak of employment* Language skills* Selection procedure* Selection on the basis of the application* Style of writing, education, marks, completeness of documents* Interviews* Personal appearance, answering questions, flexibility, adaptability* Selection tests* Completion of tasks, presentations skills, ment al qualities, cheeselike skills3. Should HR staff be involved in strategic decisions relating to international business operations such as finalizing a joint venture contract? * Yes, HR staff should be involved to assure that all personnel changes regarding the future project are organized and planned properly. It is important to integrate HR well enough in advance, because a potentially necessary recruitment and selection process takes time.

Identity Research Paper Essay

Malcolm Rivers from the photographic film personal identity has been diagnosed as a ment every(prenominal)y ill patient with dissociative Identity Disorder. This distract is basically another name for a triple personality disarray. The disorder is usually caused by severe trauma, emotional or physical, that causes people to create multiple personalities so that they hatful deal with certain situations. They usually have the inability to recall important information and have blackouts. Lastly, they have confusion of personal identicalness for an assumption of a new identity. The patient, Malcolm Rivers has committed several vicious murders and is waiting for execution. There is a journal that Rivers has explaining why he really committed the murders of all these people at a motel.His psychiatrist, Doctor Malick, tries to explain to the Judge who wants to have Rivers executed that he wasnt responsible for the murders. The argument Dr. Malick make for it not being Malcolm Rivers fault is that it was one of his personalities because in his journal he has written down personal and private thoughts of several different people, which is a symptom of Dissociative Identity Disorder. Doctor Malick took Malcolm Rivers in front of the Judge and started questioning him to prove that he has multiple personalities. When he was questioning him though, he wasnt Malcolm Rivers he was Ed, the limo driver from the motel that everyone was getting murdered at.Ed keeps having these blackouts and this one blackout led him into the courtroom with Malick and the judge. Ed tells them what was happening at the motel and how it was bizarre that everyone was getting murdered and bo pass bys were disappearing. In response to Malcolm Rivers or Eds story, Malick tells Ed about how he is really Malcolm Rivers. Rivers traumatic childhood has a strong effect on him, which made his personality fracture into different personalities. He remembers his mom as being promiscuous depending on who m she brought home he may also have been beat as a child, and the disorder is caused by both psychological and physical trauma.Ed found this really confusing, so Malick gave him a mirror that way he realized that he was just another personality. Malick also made another assumption that Ed and all the other people at the motel had the same birthdays. He told Ed that one of his fellow personalities is the one responsible for the murders, so once that personality dies, Malcolm Rivers wont have to executed because he will be harmless. Ed thought that he finally identified the personality responsible for all of the murders.When he tried to kill it, both the personality and Ed die at the motel. Malick convinced the judge that the homicide identity is dead and Rivers should be harmless. Rivers was let pip the execution and put into a mental asylum. Little did he write out he actually killed the wrong personality, it was really Timmy, a little boy, the murdered everyone and set up thei r deaths. In Rivers head it showed Timmy was the one always watching the deaths of everyone, however he was so quiet no one suspected him. Timmys personality eventually dominated Rivers body and strangles Malick that crashes the truck going to the mental asylum.There are both positive and negative messages the movie gives the public about people with this disorder. One negative message it can give kill is the impression that people with this disorder are dangerous murders, not all people with multiple personalities are dangerous or destructive. There are actually only a few cases that people with multiple personalities have criminal behavior.Another negative message is that it shows criminals can get away with a crime and be let off an execution if you have multiple personalities, a criminal does not get out of it that easily, they need to go through a long process of multiple professional physicians to prove they are criminally insane. Lastly, the personality ended up dominating Malcolm Rivers body in the end, so it can give off the idea to the public that this disorder can not be cured when it can. There are also positive messages that the movie gives off to the public that watches it.For one, it successfully shows the symptoms of a person with dissociative identity disorder. It can also give people a swell idea that if they suspect someone they know has this disorder you should get them to keep a diary to get down their personal thoughts so you can tell if they have it. Lastly, it shows that having a traumatic childhood can affect a person. That is a positive message because it can make people want to be better parents to their children after seeing what a bad childhood can do to someone.The journal article on dissociative identity disorder shows the four dominant approaches to understanding the disorder childhood trauma and media influences. The posttraumatic model of dissociative identity disorder shows that the disorder is a defensive response that results naturally from continuous and tremendous childhood trauma, oddly from physical and sexual abuse. Children experiencing this trauma dissociate their distressing experiences and repress the memories of those experiences. This section of the article relates to the movie because his mom was promiscuous, so Malcolm most likely cute to repress the memories from that time of his life.Another approach to understanding why people have this disorder would be media influences. There was an increased in the number of inform causes of dissociative identity disorder shown when the growth of popular books and movies about patients with multiple personalities. The movie itself did not have any media influences that made Malcolm Rivers have multiple personalities. However, the movie can give off a negative reaction to the public watching it because there might be more cases of dissociative identity disorder.In conclusion, Malcolm Rivers should be diagnosed with dissociative identity diso rder from all the symptoms he has shown in the movie. The movie Identity is a great movie to watch, if someone wanted to rook more about the disorder or see an example of how a person diagnosed with dissociative identity acts. The journal article was also a good source because it backed-up one of the main causes of the disorder in the movie. Over all, the movie sends a good message to the public viewing it because the viewer can escort a lot about what causes the disorder, the symptoms of it, and they can be entertained at the same time.Traub, C. M. (2009). Defending a diagnostic pariah validating the categorisation of Dissociative Identity Disorder. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(3), 347-356. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.Cusack, J. (Actor). (2003). Identity Motion picture. USA Sony Pictures.Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S. A., & Greene, B. (2008). Abnormal Psychology in a Changing World (Seven ed., pp. 1-630). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education Inc.

An Investigation Into Smes Survival and the Discrimination Between Fgsmes and All Other Smes

Introduction In a competitive global market, micro, low-toned and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an increasingly authorized role in a nations economy. Today they make a substantial contribution to job creation, innovation, as well as entrepreneurial skills. A report conducted by European Commision(2005) stated that in the en blown-upd European Union of 25 countries, 23 billion SMEs provide about 75 million jobs and account for 99% of all enterprise. SMEs are excessively the vital attributes for lifting the productivity of economy.This is primarily because SMEs are been considered as having a key role to play in providing new products. Take UK for example, SMEs put one across become to a greater extent and more dynamic. SMEs have enjoyed higher productivity harvest-home than large(p) firms since 1998, and the proportion of SME employers reporting that they have undertaken either product or service innovation in the past 12 months has increased from 32% in 2005 to 48% in 2 006(BERR,2002). An important aspect of SMEs, especially for the young SMEs, is their survival rate, according to Haugh and McKee(2000), survival means continue to exist in the future.Although we have seen a large increase in new company formations and higher levels of their survival rates than the past, we laughingstocknot neglect the fact that the rate of croakure of these SMEs is also very high. Some of the firms fail in their infancy stage and somewhat fail within several years after start-up. Some statistics suggest that the failure rate of SMEs in their for the first judgment of conviction five years is more than 50% (Reiss, 2006). There are many causes that contribute to SMEs failure insufficient capital, poor management skills, poor human resources, neediness of innovations and so on. Factors that contribute to small barter survival and non-survivalIn order to prosper, all SMEs need to ensure that they are alert both to opportunities for achieving success and threats t o their survival. that when the company are aware of and deal with these factors correctly, they can survive, grow and succeed. 1. Financial circumstances 1. 1 Access to Finance Obtaining the right finance is a glacial factor to a new firms survival and high growth. For SMEs, on that point are various types of finance available, including bank loans, borrowing from family and friends, obtaining equity investment from business angels, venture capitals and so on.Obviously, different options have different profits and constraints. The advantage of loan finance is that it will not dilute ownership twist of the firm. However, excessive reliance on loan finance could be a financial threat to their firms solvency. Astebro and Bernhardt (2003) stated that there was a fundamental negative cor copulation between having a bank loan and the survival of the business. Since loan means a continuing obligations for the firm to repay the principal debt and associated intimacy on a predetermin ed timetable.This kind of loan covenants can place strain on a firms cash flow position, if a firms capital contains a high proportion of debt, then the firm has to generate more cash to cover the repayment obligations, however it whitethorn have greater threat to default due to a sudden interruption in income. 1. 2 Financial Health A critical reason for SMEs failure is that they cannot identify and react to threats to their financial healthy. For example, the substantial increases in overheads could be a threat to financial healthy since it is a signal of weak bell management.Significantly increasing overheads will reduce the available cash flows and profits, hithertotually reduce the probability of survival. According to Schaefer (2006), over-expansion is a leading cause of business failure. This much happens when business owners confuse success with how fast they can expand their business. A large amount of bankruptcy is due to rapidly expanding firms. Birley and Niktari (1995 ) be that, in the cerebration of many accountants and bank managers, 70% of SMEs failures were caused by a very large extent to being under-capitalized, to short-term liquidity problems or insufficient working capital.So in order to survive, firms have to look out for financial threats to the firms solvency and maintain effective management control over their finances. 2. Human capital In approximately SMEs, power is centralized in the hands of the owner-managers and the owner-managers always play multiple roles in a company, including general manager, sales manager, production manager, financial manager and so on, so that characteristics of the owner-managers, such as education backwardsground, family business background, personal goals, antecedent work experience, strategic awareness have a significantly impact on firms activities and performance.Several studies indicate that in SMEs, the personality of the owner-managers is a critical determinant of corporate structure and s trategy(Miller and Droge 1986 Miller and Toulouse 1986). Owner-managers who are inability to make staff, rarely listen to others advices, have little knowledge of marketing strategy, finance, and personnel management whitethorn act as a significant constraint to SMEs survival. On the other hand, owner-managers are not experts at everything, many owner-managers in small firms are lack of the leadership and management skills which are necessary for the firms survival and growth.Deakins and Freel (1998) found that one of the critical factors in the success of a SME was the ability to build an entrepreneurial team up. The presence of a diversified management team may imply a greater variety of complementary skills marketing skills, business skills, as well as technological skills, this is also crucial for SMEs in relation to the long term success of the firm. So building a entrepreneurial team will definitely increase SMEs viability. 3. Over-dependentSome firms do not have the appropr iate strategy and become excessive reliance on a whiz customer or a small client base. The more a firm relies on a particular client, the more possibly it is damaged by factors out of its control than if it has a wide client base. Natwest (1997) stated that an important reason for SMEs failure is over-reliance on one or two customers and lack of sales. Failures often occur due to firms sole customer withdrawing its orders or going bankrupt. The akin principles also apply to a firms supplier base.If there is a breakdown in the commercial relationship between the firm and its single supplier, the prodution of the firm will be damaged. As a declaration, if a young firm wants to survive, it should seek to cultivate a wide client (supplier) base kinda of depending on a small number of regular clients (suppliers). However diversification strategy can realize this. Diversification across production and services can satisfy different types of customers and reduce the probability of over -dependent. 4. TrainingOne of the factors that contribute to SMEs failure is low level of management performance and inefficient operation, which is a result of lack of instruct. It is generally acknowledged that the majority of the small-firm owners run their business just based on their own experience and common sense, without getting professional or other formal qualifications. Stanworth and Gray (1992) pointed out that minority of small-firm owners who participate in management training ladder to have fracture educational qualifications, and their businesses have better survival and growth rates than other small firms.Also, Kitson and Wilkinson (1998) found a positive link between training and innovation and growth, as training was provided by 60% of innovating firms but only 41% of non-innovators, and 72% and 68% of medium and fast-growing firms, respectively, compared with 46% of stagnant and declining firms. Training could cover a wide figure of areas including accessing to and managing finance, cost management, personnel management, marketing strategy, information use and retrieval, operation management and so on, which equip small-firm owners and employees with the skills necessary to survival and the further growth.So training is also an important factor that contributes to small firms survival which can be easily ignored. 5. Innovation In this era of knowledge economy, innovation become inextricably conjugate with a firms survival, successful entrepreneurship always relies heavily on innovation. It is extremely important for new small firms who still enter industries where economics of scurf plays a critical role, by innovation small firms could compete on the basis of added value, therefore enhancing the likelihood of survival.On the other hand, innovation intrinsically coupled with a companys diversification strategy, through innovative activity, firms have the chance to produce new products and services so that they can attract more custom ers and increase their market share. Also, cost reduction can be achieved by innovation in operation processes, marketing and organizational forms. For example, in order to expand, some firms may choose a strategy called e-marketing to reduce cost, they may create a impressive and special site to grab peoples attention, on the website, a convenient online selling system is provided.Also, the firm may send their new products and services details to their target customers and potential customers, sometimes combining with even fun facts. So business innovation is especially important not only for large companies but also SMEs survival, lack of innovation could be a barrier to a small firms growth. Discrimination between fast growth firms and all other SMEs Different SME tends to have different growth rate, some of them grow rapidly and are recognized as FGSMEs(fast-growth small-to-medium enterprises).According to Caroline and Kosmas, FGSMEs are firms that achieve at least 20% annual ch emical compound sales growth over a 5-year period. Birch (1995) found that FGSMEs make up 3% of all small firms. Based on former research, there are many firm-based characteristics, which are concentrated on both customers and organizations aspects, such as satisfaction of customers, financial perspectives, staff retention, number and quality of successful innovations and so on, to discriminate between FGSMEs and all other SMEs. 1. Customer FocusFGSMEs are customer centric, regularly receiving feedback from clients and taking their requests and complaints seriously into consideration (Tan, 2007). They always try to curb clients through improving the quality of products and services or developing new products. According to the BSC, customer perspectives focus on traditional marketing issues such as market share, customer satisfaction and service quality ratings, customer loyalty, and customer perceived value (Kaplan & Norton, 2000). 2. Financial Perspectives FGSMEs tend to spend a l ot of time and effort in analyzing the financial health of their firms.On the contrary, other SMEs always analyze cash flows on a regular basis, relying on occasional back of the envelope calculations. Financial summaries provided by accountants are used for mandatory reporting purposes instead of financial management (Barnes et al. , 1998). 3. Internal Business Perspective Internal business performance indicators contains traditional operational terms such as tender success rate, data rejection percentages, time per customer (Kaplan & Norton, 2000), on-time delivery, the number of new products launched and product defects (Zaman, 2003).FGSMEs tend to manage and examine their business processes. For example, Liaise marketing (a supermarket broker) CEO, Tony Merlino stated that their firm measures manufacturer sales, market share and store visits to make sure that their sales team operates properly and efficiently. 4. Employee Focus Kaplan and Norton (2000) pointed that innovation, l earning, and growth perspectives are closely linked to improve employee job satisfaction and commitment, and develop employees technical ability and innovation skills. According to the previous literature, FGSMEs seem to pay a lot of attention on employees. Nicholls-Nixon, 2005 Tan, 2007). So we can see that these fast-growth firms all have a strong emphasis on making their employees as part of the performance measurement system. Staffs ideas and feelings are very important and cannot be ignored easily. Conclusion This subject aims at identifying the factors that contribute to SMEs survival. Finding on the study suggests that effective financial management, outstanding leadership and training play a critical role in SMEs survival, era excessive depend on one or two customers(suppliers) will be dangerous and may lead to a death.On the other hand, the study makes a distinction between FGSMEs and other SMEs based on four perspectives, finally draw the conclusion that FGSMEs tend to p ay more attention on customers, financial management, internal business operation and employees. REFERENCE Astebro, T. and Bernhardt, I. 2009. Dissecting Behaviours Associated with Business Failure A Qualitative Study of SME Owners in Malaysia and Australia. Journal of Asian social recognition 5 (9) 98104. Barnes, L. , Coulton. T. Dickinson. S. Dransfield, J. Field, N. Fisher, et al. 1998. A New Approach to Performance Measurement for Small and Medium Enterprises. Performance measurement theory and practice, 1, 86-92. BERR. 2002. ENTERPRISE UNLOCKING THE UKS TALENT. online. Accessed 9th February 2010. acquirable from World Wide Web http//www. berr. gov. uk/files/file44992. pdf Berry,M. 1998. Strategic Planning in Small High Tech Companies. Long Range Planning 31(3) 455-466 Birch, D. 1995. Whos Creating Jobs? Cambridge Cognetics, Inc. Birley, S. and Niktari, N. 1995. The Failure of Owner-Managed Businesses The Diagnosis of Accountants and Bankers.capital of the United Kingdom Ins titute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. Caroline, S. T. and Kosmas, X. S. 2005. Firm performance measurement in fast growth small-to-medium enterprises online. Accessed 10th February 2010. functional from World Wide Web European Commision. 2005. The new SME definition User guide and model declaration online. Accessed 10th February 2010. Available from World Wide Web Enterprise Britain Growth, Innovation and Public policy in the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Sector. 19941997. Cambridge ESRC Centre for Business Research, pp. 1627. Haugh.M and McKee. L. 2000. Survival, independence, control uncovering the shared values in the SME. online. Accessed 12th February 2010. Available from World Wide Web Kaplan, R. S. , and D. P. Norton. 2000. The Strategy-Focused Organization How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business Environment. Boston, MA Harvard Business School Press. Kitson, M. and Wilkinson, F. 1998. Employment structure, recruitment, travail turno ver, training and labour force flexibility in Cosh, A. and Hughes, A. (eds), Natwest. 1997. Natwest Quarterly Survey of Small Business in Britain.Small Business Research Trust Nicholls-Nixon, C. L. (2005). rapid Growth and High Performance The Entrepreneurs Impossible Dream? Academy of management executive, 19(1), 77-89. Noor, H. A. 2003. Start-up financing, owner characteristics, and survival. Journal of Economics and Business 55 (2003) 303319. Stanworth, J. and Gray, C. 1992. Entrepreneurship and education action-based research and training policy implications in Britain. International Small Business Journal 10(2), 1123. Schaefer, P. 2006. The seven pitfalls of business failures and how to avoid them. Accessed 9th February 2010 Available from World Wide Web www. usinessknowhow. com/inauguration/business-failure. html Tan, C. S. L. 2007. Sources of Competitive Advantage for Emerging Fast Growth Small-to-Medium Enterprises The Role of Business Orientation, Marketing Capabilities, Customer Value and Firm Performance. RMIT University, Melbourne. Zaman, M. 2003. Balanced Scorecard implementation in Australian Companies an Exploratory Study of Current Corporate Practice and Strategic Intent. Paper presented at the Hawaii International Conference on Business.

Barbarian to Humanist

Kimberly Kurata HI 30 Barbarian to Humanist Francois Rabelais wrote, Gargantua in the 16th century as a satiric in short story depicting a giant named Gargantua and his transition from his barbaric right smarts to civilized humanitarian bearing of purport history. The story takes place during the quantify of transition from the Medieval Era to the Renaissance. It went from a time of scholasticism and monasticism to a time of humanism and laymanism. The Renaissance gave the modern world secularism, humanism and individualism.Through bug out the story we see Gargantua evolve into a respectable and honorable man and Frere Jean as a monk who defies all(prenominal) previous views of who and what a monk is. The story of Gargantua illustrates the transition from scholasticism to humanism and in a satirical account by dint of the lives of Gargantua and Frere Jeans. humanism can be defined as the cultural intellectual way of opinion that focuses on human organisms exposing themselv es to their own potential.This way of thinking emerged during the time of the Renaissance. It was the hot movement to broaden an individuals limit seeking mind. Scholasticism was the scholarship that went on in monasteries where the impost was the study and focus on solely theological issues. Before humanism rose, scholasticism was the only type of higher education. Scholasticism consisted of memorizing texts and focusing on obscure questions. Humanists criticized and completely rejected this form of living.The humanists core value can be summond up in one description by Leonardo DaVinci, Luomo Universale,the universal man is interested in everything, not one thing. Gargantuas early life can be described as a medieval type of living. He was birthed, As a result of that mishap, the cotyledonary veins of the womb were released from above and the child sprang by means of the midriff (which is situated above the shoulders where the aforesaid vena divides into two) took the left path and emerged through her left ear. 1 The way Gargantua was birthed is a metaphor to the type of world he was being born into. The old way of living was based around the Greek way of thinking. Gargantuas birth can be paralleled to the classical elongation of the birth of many Greek gods. While suppuration up, Gargantua was shown as a child with barbaric tendencies. His impertinent ways and signs of pure immaturity can be exemplified when he would, drink out of his slippers, regularly affect his belly on wicker work baskets, cut his teeth on his clogs et off fat farts cut into the soil back into the ditch . 2 In Gargantuas teenaged mind, one of his greatest achievements was figuring out the best object to wipe his bum with stupidity, was at an all time high. Gargantuas ways testify the simplicity and barbarism of his character. One of the main sources of Gargantuas lack of association at a young age sprouted from his first tutor, Magister Thubal Holofernes whose intelligence, or lack of intelligence, focused around the Scholaticism movement. He taught Gargantua his ABC so well that he could state it by heart backwards. He spent five years and triad months over that. 3 The chief concern of of the Scholastics such as Holofernes, was not to learn refreshed features but to it amalgamate the knowledge already acquired by the Greeks. This example is also connected to monasticism because Rabelais is poking fun at the fact that the monks would sit in solitude for years and just memorize the Bibles text, a tradition that humanists completely rejected.These traditional doctrines and way of living were useless and repetitive. This skill reciting the alphabet backwards was a satirical swipe at scholasticisms knowledge for knowledges sake. Finally Gargantuas father, Grandgousier, came to realize the lack of knowledge his son had when a young page named Eudemon embarrassed Gargantua, who was an ideal Renaissance youth, clean, healthy, skilled in Latin and at el egant speaking, but his rhetoric is more eloquent than truthful in his compliment of the young giant. 4 After the young page praised Gargantua so beauti fully, Gargantuas, behavior was merely to a blubber bid a cow and hide his face in his bonnet. 5 With that, the decision was made that Gargantua would go to France and learn the new ways of classicism. This signified not only the transition of Gargantua from medieval and scholastic ways, but all of europiums transition to ways of humanism. Once in Paris, Gargantua made drastic improvements in education with his new tutor Ponocrates. At first, Ponocrates decided to observe Gargantua and the activities he partook in on a normal day.Seeing Gargantuas daily routine and how useless his old education had made him, Ponocrates realized he had no time to spare with Gargantuas narrow-scholastic mind. Ponacrates way of teaching could be seen as the way he disciplined Gargantuas mind. He made Gargantua clear his mind of anything he learned f rom previous tutors, and fill it with the new humanistic subjects of learning. To start off, Gargantua was awoke every morning around four am, While he was being rubbed down, a going of the Holy Scripture was read out to him, loud and clearGargantua would often devote himself to revering, worshipping, supplicating and adoring divinity in his goodness, whose majesty and marvelous judgements were revealed by the reading. 6 This shows one of the major components of humanism, the balance between religious and secular views. Humanism was indeed against most religious traditions but it was not against God and the belief in God. Humanism was focused on the human being reaching his or her full potential in all aspects of life. Focusing on one skill or talent was cutting an individual short being well-rounded was glorified and stressed with humanists.Striving to become his or her best whether it was the simple task of getting dressed in the morning. Gargantua was dressed, combed, brushed, perfumed and made elegant, during which time yesterdays lessons were gone over with him. He would recite them by heart and base on them some practical matters concerning our human condition they might hand it to some two or three hours but normally stopped once he was fully dressed. 7 The distinction between the two educations in Gargantuas case are clear.Gargantua accomplished more in the first three hours of waking up in this new humanistic way of living, than he did in probably a week or two with scholasticism. Gargantua mastered subjects such as arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music. As regards to musical instruments, he learnt to play the lute, the spinet, the harp, both the traverse and the nine holed flutes, the viola and the sackbut. 8 The arts were a gigantic part of the Renaissance, and being able to play all of those instruments is tangible evidence that his knowledge and intelligence is growing in more than one area.The second half of Gargantuas story is brought back to his homeland. Gargantua travels back and meets a monk named Frere Jean. Frere Jean was not an ordinary monk. Monks during the Middle Ages were seen as spiritually minded men who withdrew themselves from society. Their life consisted of praying, religious exercise and works of charity. Monks were the center of scholasticism, being the only ones who could read and write. Some would isolate and acquire themselves from society. They felt that society contained too much evil and sin to live in.Because of their isolation, when put in a daub where they needed to defend themselves, they ran away in fear. 9 Yet, when Frere Jean was put in a situation where he was captured by enemy guards and needed to escape, he faced the situation with bravery and, struck the genus Sagittarius who was holding him on his right, entirely severing the sphagitid arteries in the neck his jugular veins together with the uvula down to the thyroid gland glands 10 1 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. The H istories of Gargantua and Pantagruel. Harmondsworth, Middlesex Penguin, 1955. 226. Print. 2 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. (243). 3 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. (251). 4 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. (252). 5 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. (254). 6 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. (279). 7 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. (279). 8 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. (281). 9 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. (293). 10 Rabelais, Francois. Gargantua. (339).

Datril Case Essay

My recommendation to Marvin Koslow is to follow the prototypic prelude of pricing Datril at par with Tylenol ($2.85 retail price, $1.69 condescension hail), leveraging Bristol-Myers brand name, and lieu Datril as an analgesic with similar relief effects to the those of the already successful, acetylsalicylic acid-based buffered aspirin and Excedin, but more(prenominal) gentle on the stomach, and without the side effects of aspirin. By doing so, Datril will primarily target aspirin users, specifically those from Bufferins and Excedins modern consumer base, who suffer from upset stomach. I explain my rationale below. According to the case, when Datril was introduced to test foodstuffs per the strategy I recommended, it failed to achieve the projected sales figures within the first month. Although I have no access to those sales projections, I could argue that the whitethorn have been everyplaceoptimistic. The discernment is that Tylenol was well established (8% grocery shar e) in the analgesic market which has traditionally been dominated by aspirin-based products. Therefore, directly competing against Tylenol at the same price is unlikely to get out in quick market share and monetary gains within a month.Koslow should have allowed more time, say a medium channel of 6 months to match duration of the marketing expenses to be committed, before thinking about switching to the separate strategy. In addition, it can also be argued that the early success of Datril in the test market with the lower selling price may not be representative of its true performance over the medium to long run. Before defending my recommendation in detail, I would like to highlight the approximately prominent risk of introducing Datril as a cheaper alternative to Tylenol not accounting for the contenders repositioning or defensive marketing strategies. Those could include the following o One of the fastest responses that McNeil Labs could come up with is to reduce the price to trade, and subsequently the selling price, of Tylenol to match that of Datril. Doing so could result is public accusations of false advertising, thereby reversing the quick gains that Datril could make, and potentially wasting the $6 million on inaccurate communication of information to the public, which could potentially result in insulted, angry and dissatisfied customers due the belief that they have been deceived.Bristol-Myers will have to incur the cost of pulling all current advertisements, and an additional cost of having to launch another advertising campaign. o McNeil could also respond by changing its currently hidebound advertising approach (i.e. focusing on physicians and trade) by aggressively advertising Tylenol to the public, exploiting the fact that its current advertising expenditure is less than $2 million a year and possibly until now utilizing the actor and expertise of the mother company, Johnson & Johnson. This could potentially solidify the sales and ma rket share of Tylenol, making it an even tougher contestation to Datril. Given Tylenols market share, the speed of executing either one of the above strategies, or both together, could heavily minimize Datrils penetration of the market. Furthermore, per Exhibit A, Datril will inquire to sell 13.3 million bottles (at a trade cost of $1.05) or 60 million (at a trade cost of 70 cents) just to break-even.This is highly inefficient, in terms of both numbers contribution margin, compared to Tylenol. Moreover, given over the actual quantities of Tylenol sold in 1974 (around 19.1 million bottles per Exhibit B), Datrils achievement of break-even quantities seems even more doubtful, given the risks highlighted above. Quality cannot be a differentiation because both products are virtually very(a) as pain relievers therefore the best strategy is to combine the well-established reputation of Bristol-Myers, the well-known effectiveness of Bufferin and Excedin, with the value or differentiatio n being the gentleness of the product on upset stomach.Furthermore, Bristol-Myers possesses a banging consumer base for its aspirin-based products, a base that is larger than that of McNeil Labs Tylenol users. This is Bristol-Myers main competitive advantage its own consumers who may suffer from the typical side effects of aspirin. Targeting those specific customers and communicating to them the value of eliminated side effects should be Datrils positioning and differentiating strategy. Cannibalization from Bufferin and Excedin, should it happen, should not necessarily be viewed negatively, since my recommended selling price of $2.85 is take over that of these aspirin products.Exhibit A Break-Even Analysis for Tylenol and the different pricing scenarios for Datril (per bottle of blow pills) Breakeven Analysis for Product Tylenol orgasm 1 Same price as Tylenol Approach 2a Cheaper than Tylenol Approach 2b Cheaper w/lowered trade cost $ $ $ $ Unit equal (Variable Cost) 0.60 0. 60 0.60 0.60 Trade Cost (Selling Price to Retailers) $ 1.69 $ 1.69 $ 1.05 $ 0.70 Fixed Cost (Advertising) 2,000,000 6,000,0006,000,000 6,000,000 Break-Even Quantity Fixed Cost/(Trade Cost-Unit Cost) 1,834,862 5,504,587 13,333,333 60,000,000 Contribution Margin (Unit) 64% 64% 43% 14%

Distinctively Visual †Henry Lawson Essay

Henry Lawsons Short StoriesQ1 withdraw single significant de disceptationation from one of Henry Lawsons Short stories. One significant image from The slopped hang back is the creation of the unnerving bomb that Andy constructs to blow the fish up. Lawson gives us a detailed description of the making of the cartridge. He hires adjectives, adverbs and exaggeration, to emphasis the danger it represents three times the size of those they use in the rock and big enough to blow the bottom out of the river. His tenacious-winded description of the spin process also builds suspense- The inner skin was of stout calico. Andy stuck the end of a six foot undercoat bound the bag firmly dipped the cartridge in melted bees wax bound a strip of sheet canvas bound the thing with from end to end with stout fishing line. This builds up suspense and by the end we be certain of the danger that this bomb represents. The descriptive nature of this passage also builds on characterisation. Dave got an idea, Andy usu every(prenominal) in ally put Daves theories into practice and Jim sat on the sidelines critiquing both of the above. The idea of mate ship among the key characters is also developed a redoubted bomb but Andy and Dave wanted to be sure. The detailed description of the materials utilise and the process of making the bomb, adds credibility and gives the lector a sense of the skills of the miners and an insight into their craft. By the time Lawson is finished we can match this cartridge and understand its potential for harm. When Tommy allow ins the lit cartridge in his mouth we have a heightened discernment of the gravity of the situation and regulate ourselves on the edge of our seats.Q2 Examine how the relationship mingled with con school text and text shapes meaning in one of Henry Lawsons short stories. Text Summary The herders Wife is a short tosh by Henry Lawson about a woman who is left alone in the harsh Australian chaparral to look after th e house and children while her husband is out sheep droving. The important complication the snake in the huts floor slab which threatens her families safety. The Context* The Times in the late 1800s closely Australians lived in the cities but the harsh reality of the Australian scrub had captured their imaginationperhaps due to its melodic phrase with British landscapes and life. * Literary History Lawson was the first Australian born writers to document an unromantic view of the Australian bush and its uniquely Australian culture. As such, his writing represented a challenge to those like banjo Patterson who presented a romantic (unrealistic) view of the bush. * Audience The herdsmans wife was published in 1892 in The Bulletin which was known as the Bushmans Bible and Lawsons presentation of the harsh realities of life in the Australian bush appealed to the ovalbumin male dominated readership. * Lawsons Life Lawson was brought up on a poor selection himself and dumb the r ealities of his subjects lives. He lived with his generate after her separation with her father and this perhaps gives him special insight when writing the Dr everywheres Wife. * heathen Themes which dominate 19th century bush life and evident in Lawsons, The Drovers Wife include hard knocks/resilience, loneliness and isolation, loss and acceptance. How the Text interacts with Context to Add MeaningText Style The Drovers Wife is pen in the style of a sketch- story. The writer provides a picture in words by focusing on charecterisation and setting rather than plot. In Lawsons words, I thought the short story was a lazy mans game, second to free verse, compared with the sketch. The sketch, to be really well(p), must be good in every line. But the sketch-story is best of all. The sketch-story style is serious and uses powerful observations of the life of the drovers wife for its own sake. Both the original and current reader observe with sadness and respect as Lawsons painting of her tragic and courageous life develops.Q3 Critically analyse the relationship between language social classs and features, and meaning, in TWO of Henry Lawsons short Stories. The Drovers Wife- 1 Title Lawson leaves The Drovers Wife unnamed and in doing so helps her stand for all women in her position. 2 screen pratground the use of accumulation (continuous information) in portraying the shanty/lean-to house and describing the bush all around with the repeating of no e.g. no horizon, no ranges and no undergrowth in describing the landscape, establishes the harsh backdrop to the familys existence. The personification of the sighing she oaks tells us that even the bushstruggles to survive. The setting is painted in more detail in the context of the Sunday walk, you might walk for twenty miles. Without being able to fix a smudge in your mind, unless you are a bushman. This is because of the everlasting, maddening sameness of the stunted trees that monotony which makes a man long to break away. The landscape Lawson paints is far from attractive. In fact, if we find ourselves in it we will want to sail as far as ships can sail and further. This is in stark contrast to how stories by authors such as Bango Patterson using a romanticised style portrayed the bush. 3 Background Lawson matter-of-fact statement that the drover, an ex-squatter, is away with sheep. His wife and children are left hither alone. emphasises the unavoidable isolation of the wife and children. We are told later the drouth of 1818 ruined him, he had to sacrifice the remnant of his flock and go droving again. The drover is depicted as a good enough husband who treated her like a princess before he roughshod on hard times. This communicates to the reader the unavoidable loss that the bush has inflicted on the drover and his family. 4 The plot The limited plot of this sketch / story revolves around the snake which is introduced with the use of exclamation look mother, heres a snake Action verbs in short sentences of dialogue snatches her baby and yells at the male child all give us a sense of urgency.The snake disappears under the timber slab floor, near sundown and a thunderstorm is coming. The house is off limits as the snake .may at any arcminute come up with cracks in the rough slab floor. The children are to be protected and are introduced matter of factly, there are two boys and two girls are fed and put to be on the kitchen table which sits down beside to watch all night. The battle lines are drawn and her weapons are a green sapling cub and she has brought the mouse click into the room. The plot slows to a stop with only snippets of information between long sketches of background and characterisation (the main event). Near midnight whenever she hears a noise she reaches for the stick,. Near one or two oclock Alligator liesand watches the wall. It must be near daylight. Alligator as yet watches the wall nothing has happened plot wise between sunset and d aybreak but now he becomes greatly interested and urgency returns. Short sentences with repeated action verbs snaps, pulls and the repetition of thud help us to see and hear the battle. The resolution of the plot is portrayed as a win of good over evilby the use of the Biblical reference he shakes the snake as though he felt the original curse in common with mankind. The plot concludes as the Drovers Wife watches the snake skip. However the final few sentences are reserved to conclude the main game of this story, the characterisation of the drovers wife. 5 scene If the plot is the framework of the drovers wife, characterisation is the house that is built around it. (i) Omniscient Third political party Narrator We feel for the characters in their struggle with themselves when Lawson as the omniscient narrator shifts us back in time to key moments in there past, As a girl she built the usual castles in the air but all her girlish hopes an aspirations have long been dead. Yet she do esnt completely abjure her femininity as symbolised by the Young ladies Journal. Later Lawson emphasises her struggle to remain civilised with a powerful background image, of her Sunday walk where, She takes as much care to make herself and the children look pert as she would if she were going to do the block in the city, There is nothing to see however, not a soul to meet. Lawson ends this section with an authorial insight into the bushwomans contentedness despite this loss and struggle.She is used to the loneliness of it, would feel strange away from it, She is glad when her husband returns.but does not make a flap, she seems contented with her lot. (ii) Flashbacks Lawson builds our admiration for the drovers wife through the flashbacks bushfire, flood, pleuro-pneumonia and mad bullock. He uses them to show how the harshness of the Australian bush challenges gender roles. In the bushfire she is cast in a masculine role as she wears an old equalise of her husbands trousers, til l great drops of sweaty perspiration run down her blackened arms however in the reach of four excited bushmen we see the woman rescued by the men from the fire that would have master her. This idea is reinforced in the loss of the dam, when Lawson intrudes with an authorial statement, there are some things that a bushwoman cannot do emphasising her vulnerability in the absence of her husband. Lawson builds empathy when he permits us a glimpse of emotion in the center of loss and struggle, she cried then. Lawson uses these moments of tears to introduce the uniquely Australian habit of laughing at our possibility as a coping mechanism, she is hurt now, and tears spring to her eyes but The handkerchief is unspoiled of holes and she..put her thumb through one , This makes her laugh. The remainingflashbacks see her conquering, a mad bullock, crows and eagles, and a gallowed faced swagger leaving us in awe of the basewomans resourcefulness and success. (iii) Dialogue The limited dial ogue between the bushwoman and her children builds characteristaion. The eldest son wants to be the man for his mother, Stop there, mother Ill have him. Stand back Ill have the beggar. The colloquial and course examples of Tommys dialogue like Id like to screw their blanky necks also adds to the authentic Australian bush feel of the story. (iv) The resolution of the story is, suspendly and powerfully, all about the characters. Arguably the most meaningful bit of dialogue in the story is Tommys contract bridge Mother, I wont never go drovin blast me if I do Tommy wants to be his mothers protector. They connect strongly as she hugs him to her worn-out breast and kisses him. The worn-out breast symbolises how the toll the bush has taken on her. The kiss is a rare act of affection showing that despite all the hardship, she still has a womanly side life in the bush has not hardened her completely.THE unfaltering DOGStyle and Purpose Is a short story, which follows the normal conventi on of orientation, structure and resolution. Lawsons blueprint is to entertain using a clever plot and humour. The quirky characters are sketched briefly but the reader finds themselves engaging more with, the plot development and the humour, than the details of the setting and characters. Meaning The meaning of The Loaded Dog is found more in the language, interaction and actions of the characters rather than in their characterisation itself. The setting may lead to a bygone era but the comedic larrikinism of this typically Australian yarn connects with the tell me a good story expectation of the 19th century audience. The sardonic humour still rings true with the twenty-first century Australian today. Analysis(i) Narrative The 3rd person narration makes us an observer of Dave, Jim, Andy and Tommy. (ii) Characterisation The opening sentence of the story lists the full names of the main characters hinting at their specific roles in the plot. Dave is the ideas man, Andy the hold on one who puts Daves theory into practice. And Jim Bently the sensible one who wasntinterested in their damned silliness. The fourth main character is Tommy the dog, a lovable overgrown pup that seemed to take life, the world, his two-legged mates, and his own instincts as a hug joke. Tommy is often humanised he watched Andy with great interest. In contrast, Lawson characterises the crocked Yellow Dog as the classic villain. Introduced late in the story, we form no attachment and when we find out he has hurt Tommy in the past, for no good reason, we can celebrate Tommys elude and laugh at the yellow dogs demise. (iii) Pace Lawson makes effective use pace variations to entertain.The laborious description of the formidable bomb leaves us certain of its capacity to harm when it was wedged into his (Tommys) broardest silliest grin. Lawson immediately quickens the pace of the text through exclaimed dialogue and short sentences, Run, Andy Run. He slows again to provide a humourous pict ure of the unhomogeneous running styles and speeds Dave and Jim were good runners-Jim the best for a short distance Andy was slow and heavy. Their panic is contrasted with Tommys joy, the dog capered around him.as though he thought, on a frolic. The live fuse is personified swishing.hissing and spluttering and stinking. The disport takes several more fast paced hilarious turns before Dave enters the bar and Tommy leaves the cartridge with the vicious yellow prick cattle-dog. He sniffed at the cartridge twice, and was just taking a third cautious sniff when-. This hiatus (unfinished) sentence marks the slowing of the pace of the text to suit the aftermath of the explosion. (iv) Humour Humour is aboriginal to the success of this short story and the understatement of fact following the explosion is a good example of Lawsons use of typically Australian dark humour. Rather than focus on the fate of the yellow dog he simply states It was very good blasting powderand the cartridge ha d been excellently well do (v) Hyperbole Lawson follows this understatement with hyperbole (exaggeration) Bushmen say that that kitchen jumped off its piles and on again. (vi) Australian Slang and Jargon The Loaded Dog is faithful to the Australian bush throughout. The characterization, setting, humour and language are thoroughly Australian. It is entirely appropriate that Lawson finish a mate ribbing a mate in true Australian form with an authentic Australian lazy drawl and with just a hint of the nasal twangEl-lo, Da-a-ve Hows the fishin getting on, Da-a-ve?

A Doll House relationship comparison: Nora and Torvald v. Christine and Krogstad Essay

Henrik Ibsen creates many arouse and complex characters in his play A Dolls House. Both the Helmers and Christine and Krogstad have very enrapturing relationships. Nora and Torvald have a very insubstantial relationship in which Nora has no say or indep rarityence and is completely under Torvalds control. Christine and Krogstad have their share of issues only they are able to work them tabu like reasonable adults. Nora/Torvald and Christine/Krogstad are two fundamentally different sets of people.Nora and Torvald have been married for a great time and they do their best to make sure they are happy. Nora loves Torvald very much and would do anything to for him. Nora forthwith I will show you that I too have something to be proud of. It was I that saved Torvalds flavour. (p.10) Nora was willing to commit a crime for Torvald to keep him from becoming very ill and dying. Torvald loves Nora but sees her more as a child and is generally more concerned about what others think of him hence of what Nora thinks. Torvald From instanter on, forget happiness. Now its just about saving the remains, the wreckage, the appearance. (Act III) Instead of saying that he would protect her he goes into a rage and tells Nora she is unfit to have anything to do with their children. He sees her more as a fragile doll than an actual person.Nora realizes too late that all she has been to the people in her life is a marionette whose strings are passed back and forth by the male figures in her life. Nora I have been performing tricks for you, Torvald. Thats how Ive survived. You wanted it like that. You and Papa have done me a great wrong. Its because of you Ive made nothing of my life. (Act III). Her life has just been a performance in which she did her best to please the men in her life. She realizes that in order to become independent that she has to get away. She ultimately becomes independent at the end of the play and saves herself from what could be called a sham of a marr iage.Christine and Krogstad were married beforehand but Christine left Krogstad for a richer man in order to take care of her ailing father and younger brothers. Christine loved Krogstad but at the time he did not have the money she require to insure that her family would be taken care of. Krogstad was devastated after Christine left him, which made him into a bitter, unhappy man. Krogstad When I lost you, it was as if all the solid ground went out from under my feet. Look at me nowI am a shipwrecked man clinging to a bit of wreckage. (Act III) Krogstad secretly still loves her and in the end they get back together. The one fundamental difference between the Helmers and Christine and Krogstad is that they were able to work out their problems and forge their issues like reasonable adults.Henrik Ibsen creates a fascinating tale filled with intrigue and set of characters that make for a great story. The Helmers and Christine and Krogstad have very different perceptions of what love is. The key to any healthy relationship is to be able to work out your problems and not let anything get in the way of the love felt for the other person in the relationship. Nora and Torvald in the end werent meant for each other and Christine and Krogstad, after work out their differences were able to continue on happily. Nora/Torvald and Christine/Krogstad truly are two fundamentally different sets of people.

History of Europe 1815-1914 Essay

Nationalism is a relatively moderne phenomenon, considering the grand sweep of history. Although its roots can be found among the ancient Hebrews and Greeks, Niccolo Machiavellis book, The Prince, was the beginning of modern twenty-four hour period nationalism, and was important in the preparation of nationalism. (Kohn, 1955, p. 9) Machiavelli believed that the state must be preserved and defended at every cost, and longed for Italian unification, which was to come centuries later. toilette Milton of 17th century Great Britain is considered to be the architect of modern day nationalism.Milton regarded nationalism as the affirmation of soul freedom from chest of drawers, the self-assertion of somebodyality in face of its have got government or church, and the freedom to utter and to argue freely according to conscience. (Kohn, 1955, p. 16-17) According to historian bathroom H every(prenominal), at the core of liberalism is the quest to answer the question, What is the nature of a good life? (Hall, 1988, p. 9) Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher, was bear on with the categories of the human mind.His philosophy is often called critical philosophy. He believed human reasoning to be the ultimate power on morality, and that a person should be free to reason. As hall puts it, Kants defense of the staple liberal aim of considering individuals to be of moral worth remains high- creatored and absolutely central to liberalism. (Hall, 1988, p. 19) John Stuart Mill is considered to be the most important single theorist of liberalism. (Hall, 1988, p. 24) He believed in a persons pay to freedom, as did Kant, and defended individual liberty.Mill wrote in his work, On Liberty, the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized comm unison, against his will, is to prevent legal injury to others. (Hall, 1988, p. 25) Mill was considered to be a radical in his time for he supported womens equality, including the right to vote, education and birth control. Although Mill never became a socialist, he studied pre-Marxist socialist works. Karl Marxs sword of socialism divided industrialize society into two classes proletariat and bourgeoisie. The proletariats world the working class, and the bourgeoisie being the rich, ruling class.He criticized capitalism and considered it to be oppressive. He viewed freedom as the extent of humankinds domination over nature and the degree of rational, conscious control over social relations. (Walicki, 1995, p. 12) Marx was the prophet of fabianism and he thought that his utopian view of society would restore the unity of humankind, reconciling human individual existence with human species essence. (Walicki, 1995, p. 12) Friedrich Engels was a contemporary of Marx, and co-wrote works with him, including the Communist Manifesto. Both Engels and Marx co-founded communism.He believed that the evils in industrialized society were due to private property, and only thro ugh a class struggle which led to a communist society could there be equality. The Problem of Bismarck Otto von Bismarck was appointed as charge Minister of Prussia by Emperor William I in 1862. Not incredibly popular when appointed, people underestimated the power-hungry man. forward to Bismarcks appointment, William treasured to reform the Prussian military. The parliament agreed to reform but did not want to yield control of the budget to William for a long period of time.When Bismarck came on the conniption he managed to collect additional taxes needed, and used them toward military reform without the consent or approval of the parliament. impertinent Bismarck, Louis- sleep of France, the great nephew of Napoleon I, started his governmental career with great support, but ended up being deposed. He was elected president of France in 1848 with a victory of 74. 2%. He was able to gain such(prenominal) a huge victory by being able to appear as all things to all men. (Price, 2 003) However, electrical resistance grew to his domination of government in 1851.He started a coup in December 1851 with microscopic resistance in Paris, but more in rural areas, but he was able to kettle of fish that resistance. An pick was held after the coup to decide whether or not people wanted him to have the authority necessary to create a constitution, and the result was an overwhelming yes, due to his immense popularity. (Price, 2003) Napoleon created the Second Empire, with himself the Emperor. In 1868 Bismarck pushed for Leopold, prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, to take the stern of Spain after the Spanish Revolution of 1868.Napoleon was alarmed at the opinion of Leopold taking the Spanish throne and threatened war. Leopolds candidacy for the throne was withdrawn, but Napoleon wanted a letter of apology from Bismarck. Bismarck published the demands of Napoleon and Prussias rejection in the Ems Dispatch because he knew it would likely lead to war, and thought tha t a war with France would cause grey German states to help grapple a Prussian war, leading to the unification of Germany. War did break out in 1870, and lasted until 1871. France was defeated by Prussia under Bismarcks leadership.Politics & Economy During the 19th century Great Britain experienced a tremendous amount of economic offshoot, which began with the cotton labor. Between 1815 and 1851 occurred the most rapid economic development of national resources in the whole of British economic history. (Smellie, 1962, p. 140) By 1860 half of the worlds coal and construct goods were supplied by Britain. By 1870 British international trade was greater than the French, German and Italian combined. Several major political developments occurred in Britain during the 1830s.The Reform Bill, enacted in 1832, lessened the amount of land a man had to bear to be eligible to vote. It increased eligible voters by more than 200,000. However, eligible voters still only amounted to 20%. As a reaction to the French Revolution, the Six Acts Law was passed by Parliament in 1819. It ill limited civil liberties, including freedom of the press and the right to public meeting. Other laws were passed which outlawed political rallies, and do it illegal to form labor geological formations. The economic development of France was much slower than Britains.It took longer to industrialize because the French population did not increase as fast as the rest of Europe. The slow population growth was caused by peasants limiting their family size due to the small plots they farmed. A recession in the 1860s occurred because agriculture and industry could not keep up with global competition. From 1815 to 1870 France went through a series of regime changes. In 1815 Napoleon I was defeated and France was invaded by foreign troops. Restoration of the Bourbon monarchy was forced upon the French people, and Louis XVIII was installed as king. after(prenominal) Louis died in 1824 Charles X bec ame king. Moderate royalists and liberals won seats in elections, and in 1829 Charles appointed Jules de Polignac as chief minister, which alienated both moderates and liberals. After the elections in 1830 Charles signed the July Ordinances into law which dismissed the newly elected house of Deputies, causing another revolution where Charles was driven from the throne, and the July Monarchy installed, named after the month when Louis Philippe, of the house of Orleans, was installed. Louis-Philippe was also driven from the throne in 1848, and the Second Republic was created.An April 1848 election allowed all eligible males to vote. Workers in Paris, however, did not like the results of the election and revolted. The revolts were brutally put down in what came to be called the June Days of 1848. Louis Napoleon won the presidential elections of 1848, as previously mentioned, later declaring himself emperor. War & Unity During the 19th century unification occurred in both Germany and Italy. In Germany Bismarck managed to unite Germany through war with France in 1870, asking Germans not to fight for Prussian refinement but for the sake of the fatherland. (Bridge, 1980, p. 3)He succeeded in uniting Germany, but at a price Germans did not realize. Bismarcks sensational success in unifying the unsophisticated blinded most of his countrymen to the political retardation he had imposed upon them. (Feuchtwanger, 2001, p. 14) He managed to force an authoritarian system on all of Germany. In Italy the Risorgimento, the term for Italian resistance to Austrian rule and the growing desire for unification, began with Giuseppe Mazzini. Exiled to France in 1831, he created the organization called Giovane Italia (Young Italy) in order to help spread Italian nationalism.Giuseppe Garibaldi was inspired by Mazzini, and in 1860 he come in Sicily in order to stir up a revolt against the Sicilian king. He managed to collaborate Sicilian peasants to fight, and they were able to de feat the king. He then set himself up as the dictator of Sicily, and headed to the southern mainland with his Sicilian peasants. He also gained the support of peasants there, and then headed north, where he defeated King Francis of Naples. He was met with resistance by the forces of Victor Emmanuel, king of Sardinia.He decided to hand over his conquests to Victor Emmanuel. Garibaldi was an exact glacial of Bismarck. He fought for unification of his country by gathering the support of the people, while Bismarck united his country by embroiling them in wars. Bismarck imposed authoritarianism on the German people. Garibaldi put his political ambitions aside for the good of his country. He could have established himself as dictator of southern Italy but believed national unity to be more important than personal ambition. (Farmer, 2006)