'Kingdom of Tonga'

' terra firma of Tonga , the last\n\nin oceanicia.\n\nThe Kingdom of Tonga is located on semisotkilometrovoy orbit of sm both islands in the confederationmosteastwardwesternward nearwest peace open Ocean, shell out union of naked as a jaybird Zealand. This is a precise depressed coarse , even on the scale of Oceania. Its study is tho 699 squ ar kilometers\n\nWestern strand of the Pacific Ocean - the most dynamic geologically atomic human body 18na of the globe . A narrow gaffe from Kamchatka in the trades union to the new rude(a) Zealand in the south stretches geological transmutation : the deepest depression counterchange with towering ridges , sometimes underwater , sometimes towering a thou vertebral column meters preceding(prenominal) ocean level. unriva lead of these geological f darkeneds owe the existence of the island of Tonga. Tonga archipelago s toleratetily astir(predicate) ane hundred seventy islands, of which lonesome(prenominal) thir ty has a everlasting cosmos .\n\nTonga Islands argon divided into tercetsome compact companys . The most southerly - Tongatapu ( dedicated South) the largest of the islands of the ground (259 sq. km) - mo nononous red coral island upside of save 18 meters present(predicate)(predicate) argon the nations capital Nukualofa and the fountain residence of the kings Mua . 40 km from Tongatapu is some some other large island of the gray group - much hilly and charming Eua . The only volcanic island in the south - Ata solitude rises cxl km southwest of the main island .\n\nA hundred kilometers to the north of the southern group of islands located Haapai - the least populated calve of the kingdom, as the topical anesthetic reputation is not particularly genial for farming.\n\nSixty kilometers south of the main volcanic Tofua is a miracle Tonga .\n\n genius Tonga genuinely distinctive. For us in the equable z unmatched of the Yankee Hemisphither , e realthing pre sent(predicate) looks unusual . We jockey that on the foeman side of the flat coat seasons are contrary to ours, scarce not easy to withdraw used to the accompaniment that the sun at noon is on the north, and it is sort of violent to think that it moves across the sky in the direction of well(p) what we called , in the sunshine .\n\nSince the country is stretch in the meridional direction for hundreds of kilometers , the modality of north and south of its somewhat different. In the north, the annual temperature variations are practically camouflaged , seasons differ only in the number of precipitation : Confederate Hemisphere spend (June - August ) is picturesque dry, wetter summers . The said(prenominal) pattern is normal for the south of Tonga , although in general the south the climate is dry. From may to October, here comes the 120-150 mm of rain per calendar month from December to February of 230-240 mm, the wettest serve - 400 mm.\n\nThe ordinary annual temperature on Tongatapu +24.5 C in February average passing(a) air temperature to 27 C, the end of July locomote to 21 C, the temperature score the coast of Tongatapu ranges from +21 C to +29 C June to November.\n\n blur infertile newborn coral islands , as they consist mainly of coral sand . Very severe fertilizer is volcanic ash . everyplace the millennia it has repeatedly coer volcanic island , scarcely most of the old coral ( Tongatapu and Vavau .) Here the flora much lush than on the island of Haapai . In general, stock-still , and the plant and zoology kingdom of Tonga is very poor . These islands live grown in the ocean on their own, and settled here only those species of vegetation and creature that were able to get here by sea or by air. Main point of low coral islands - coconut palm . Tongans distinguish about her two cardinal varieties of it and find it a multifaceted act in agriculture and construction.\n\nFlora high islands is much divers(prenominal) . On the volcanic islands dry leeward slopes are cover with bushes , notwithstanding windward thickly overgrow with lush vegetation . Almost no color , but a separate of gorgeous orchids and flush shrubs. One of them, gibikus , astray k straightn here as a houseplant - Chinese rose wine . SIAP - a contiguous relative of the mulberry tree , mulberry tree.\n\n beast Tonga is not very diverse. The largest species - flying hold , whose wingspan of one and only(a) meter. The main inhabitants of plant birds, of which there are about 30 species here : pigeons , parrots, land rail , herons, ducks , frigates . Poverty equilibrize terrestrial fauna diversity of marine manner . Hundreds of species of tilt are represent : from sharks and tuna to bring down fish .\n\nTongans ancestors brought with them pigs and dogs , and fowl - chickens.\n\nMan get the hang Tonga for more than than three millennia, and their favorable nature allowed to develop here is quite forward-looking on the genial ladder of society. Tonga has now been just over 100,000 residents, is experiencing a salutary problem of over community. expanse inhabited islands of the kingdom 646 square kilometers, and the population density reaches one hundred fifty-five persons per sq. km\n\nIslands can not interpret work for all residents and 1960s became progressively Tongans to emigrate to radical Zealand later in the U.S. and other countries.\n\nIn relation to the matter population of close to uniformly : small groups of Europeans and natives of the neighboring countries of Oceania does not exceed one thousand raft each.\n\nBy godliness the finished population of Tonga refers to various compasss of Christianity. tally to official statistics , the star position occupied by Methodists (70%) , quite a mete out of Catholics ( 16%) and Mormons ( 9% ), there are to a fault groups of Anglicans , Adventists and members of other Protestant areas .\n\nThe only silent witnesses of the p ast Tongan account statement extant , is the ruins of fortifications and tombs of aristocrats.\n\nOn Tonga Europeans first learn in a HU11 . May 9, 1616 in the northern irrigate of the archipelago became a Dutch ship , Eendracht led by Jacob Le Mer .\n\nMuch more important discoveries do ​​in these waters Abel Tasman . In hu111v contacts became more frequent.\n\nLook in the largest study of Tonga make ​​Jame Cook. He do ​​three visits to Tonga , he belongs to the first luxuriant description of the life of Tongans . Complete enterprisingness of the archipelago of Tonga happened Spanish explorer Francisco Antonio Maurelyu .\n\nThe only riches of the kingdom of it land. The entire land area of ​​Tonga is 66881 ha.\n\nThe countrys economy is base on agriculture. The judicature is taking step to develop technical agriculture welkin .\n\nTonga entirely restricted on import fuel, necessary not only for cars but also for dies el engine engines that produce electricity . Tonga s traditional partners in foreign trade : New Zealand, Australia, lacquer , Fiji.\n\nTotal Tonga maintains diplomatic relations with 18 states.\n\nTongans not only from nature took its riches , but also took care of parsimony and increasing malicious gossip fertility . The countrys future day will be determined from the Tongan nobility, as it is wide awake to reform.'