Islamic Finance in Malaysia (Bay Al-Dayn)

Muslim Finance in Malaysia (Bay Al-Dayn)Bay al-dayn is an Moslem financial pecker which was developed and currently practised in Malaysia. Bay al-dayn is considered a controversial issue because near countries practice it and some leave it unwrap without prior improvement taking place. It is worth mentioning here that the principle of utter laurel tree al-dayn is not widely used by different Islamic banks, curiously in Middle Eastern countries moreover, bay al-Dayn has been principal(prenominal)ly used in Malaysia as 1 of the fundamental shariah law get downs in structuring various Islamic finance facilities including, Islamic money food merchandise instruments, Islamic bonds, Islamic true, Islamic treasury bills and Islamic negotiable instruments.Firstly, bay al-dayn as money trade instrument. The application of bay al-dayn is pertaining to trading instrument which has contributed to the training of various securitized products and tradable bonds. cod to this , it has provided a wide range of assets for investment. Money Market Instruments based on Islamic principles have arisen in competing the conventional ones. The securitization refers to the creation of tradable certificates as turn up of a debt that arising out from financing facilities. It also manner putting a guarantee for the issuance of securities that are financial assets. For example, if Ali owes RM 5,000,000 to slang Islam, apart from effective documents, a legal document of I Owe You (IOU) would be created as evidence of the debt, as securitization.Secondly, Islamic bonds on the basis of bay al-dayn. A bond is a security which gives the holder a financial have on the issuer.1 This claim protects the holder if the issuer is unable to lucre the amount due. The development of Islamic Economy in Malaysia has positively contributed to the application of bay al-dayn. Malaysia has boffo in the application of Islamic securities which is based on the concept of bay al-dayn. Even though, bay al-dayn has not been applied in other countries, but its potential in Malaysia seems has grown. Basically, the creation of Islamic securities or bonds involves three main stepsSecuritization- the creation of murabahah and BBA assets.Bond issues-issuance of debt certificatesTrading of debt certificates- that is bargain foring and grassing of debt certificates in the inessential market using the contract of bay al-dayn.Thirdly, Islamic accepted bills (IAB) as a liquidity instrument. IAB is a bill of exchange, which is made by the bank and accepted by the purchaser or buyer, hence creating a debt owing to the bank. The bank then in turn, may sell the IAB in the secondary market at a discount value downstairs the bay al-dayn. at that placefore, bay al-dayn is instrumental in becoming a liquidity instrument and it is governed by the principles of murabahah and bay al-dayn. An merchandiseer who uses an Islamic Bankers Acceptance Facilities (IBAF) prepares the exp ort documents as required under the bargain contract or letter of credit. The export documents will be sent to the tradeers bank. In addition, on that point mustiness be genuine dealings amongst the parties involved, the goods involved must be lawful purpose, and on that point is adequate documentary evidence and that it is drawn in accordance with the law and requirements of IAB as indicated by Central Bank of Malaysia. valuation of bay al-dayn- Malayan experiencesAs been mentioned above, on 21st August 1996, The Malayan Securities Commission Shariah Advisory Council approved a resolution nemine contradicente agreed to accept the principle of bay al-dayn as one of the concepts for develop Islamic cap market instruments. This was based on the views of some of the Islamic jurists who allowed this concept subject to certain conditions for instance there is a perspicuous regulatory system in the capital market to safeguard the maslahah (public interest) of the market pa rticipants. on that point are arguments among the past and the present jurists on the issue of bay al-dayn. Nevertheless, there is no general consensus (ijma) prohibits it. In general, majority of the jurists are unhurt in allowing the selling of debts. They only contrast in terms of the debt world sold to a third party for reason that the seller may not be able to deliver the sold item to the buyer. The illah for some Islamic jurists do not allow bay al-dayn is due to the take a chance that might be faced by the buyer, element of gharar, absence of qabadh and riba.patronage all of the controversial issues regarding the application of bay al-dayn, there is a logical system idea behind the application. For instance, a transaction between Ali, Hap Seng cable car Sdn Bhd and maybank Islamic. Ali wanted to buy a car from Hap Seng Motorcar with cost RM 900,000 but at that time he does not have enough money to pay. Later, Ali sells his debt with Hap Seng Motorcar to Maybank with di scount that amount RM 850,000. Thus, Maybank have to pay the car price to Hap Seng Motorcar. This is where the issue arise, when Ali sells his debt with discount. Some of the scholars agreed that there is a riba in this transaction. However, the logic is if we sell the debt with full price, who would want to buy it from Ali. At the end of the transaction Ali still need to pay his debt to Maybank at par value.Malaysia Islamic BanksBank Muammalat2 refers bay al-dayn to the sale of a debt arising from allot and services transaction in the form of a deferred payment sale. The node will sells this debt to the bank at a discount. The benefit is customer gets remunerative from the bank before realization of the sale. There are several features of bay al-dayn that includesThe cost must be revealedThe price and tenor of the lump-sum deferred payment must be agreed upon by the Bank and customerThe Bank appoints customer as an agent to sell on its behalfOnly trade transaction on usance ter m is allowedFinancing for finished goodsMeanwhile, Bank Islam Malaysia3 Berhad provides fews concepts for dish out services which includes Bai Dayn (Debt Trading). This contract refers to the selling of your trade debts/receivable arising from trade-related transactions. You will sell your trade debts/receivable to the bank for a discounted amount.Issues on bay al-daynHowever, there are lots of issues regarding the application of bay al-dayn in Malaysia. Bay al-dayn has create many doubts amongst the countries practising Islamic Banking as to its permissibility as an Islamic financial instrument. The instrument is being developed to compete with the conventional banking to create a meld in the secondary market. It is also understood to create large capital by attracting investors to invest in Malaysia. It is widely used in the sales, bonds, import and export sales. Banking institutions in Malaysia are concern about maintaining the liquidity in the financial system therefore has d eveloped this concept. However, other Islamic countries are reluctant to use this concept because it does not seem permissible and there is a possibility that this concept handles interest or riba which is prohibited in Islam.One of the main issues is, whether it is permissible to sell a confirmed debt which is indorse by non ribawi goods at discounted price. Islamic scholars have put a stopple on the possibility of earning usefulness by confirming that any sale of debt (Bay-al-dayn) or transfer of debt (Hawalat-al-dayn) must be at face value. This means when the bank buys the instrument of debt (shahada-al-dayn) from the original buyer, it is not entitled to any discount. There will be no riba by disallowing any difference between what it pays and what it receives on maturity (its maturity value). Some Islamic banks have been fling Islamic bill discounting products, and they fundamentally treat debt as any other physical asset that evoke be traded at a negotiated price. In fact , the prohibition of bay al-dayn is a logical consequence of the prohibition of riba or interest. A debt receivable in monetary terms parallels to money, and every transaction where money is exchanged from the same quantity of money, the price must be at par value. Any increase or decrease from one side is equivalent to riba. Somehow, some parties in Malaysia encourage the development for debt discounting as an Islamic Financial product on the basis that it represents an important report of short term and self-liquidating investment, because the terms of negotiable instruments do not persist beyond six months especially in trade based debt discounting.4The scholars from Malaysia claims that debts can be sold because the original transaction is a debt created with an underlying contract of sale. They claim that it is legitimate to gain profit from the debt because the original transaction is legitimate. Gaining profit is usually being associated with risk Al-Kharaj bi al-Dhaman. Th e secondary market is a mechanism that allows lenders to obtain liquidity to make additional loans. Through the secondary market the lender will receives the benefits which may then passed on to the borrower in the form of lower interest directs and longer fixed rate terms. During the financial crisis in 1998 which was experienced by Malaysia, the exchange rate essentially was affected by the flight of foreign funds while the banal market was being additionally pulled down by the herd behavior of the local speculators. Therefore, a flow to the secondary market does not of necessity be beneficial as it creates a flow to derivatives and speculators. Secondary market also encourages debt-creation as experienced in the financial crisis which has created too lots debt for a nation to hold and therefore lead to the downfall of the economy.comparability with IndonesiaIn Malaysia issuance of a debit note which is then bought by the client and the results of the purchase are used for inv estment while, in Indonesia, the Shariah National Council of MUI does not permit trading in debit notes. There is no any shariah banking system in Indonesia including Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) concur the bay al-dayn product. This is because the National Shariah Council (DSN) has not issued a fatwa in vow to support this type of transaction.In Indonesia, the main concern in this field of study is that the benefit which is determined in a transaction is usury. The classic ulama agree that bay al-Dayn with a premium is illegal, and not permitted according to shariah principle. Indeed, many contemporary ulama are of the same opinion. However, several Malaysian ulama have legalised this contract, relying on the Shafie opinion, but nor taking into consideration that the Shafie ulama permit this contract only in cases where a debt is sold at the nominal value of that debt.BibliographyAzhar, S. (n.d.). International Journal Of Islamic Financial Services.Bank Islam. (n.d.). Retrieve d May 8, 2015, from Concepts of Shariah Trading http//www.bankislam.com.my/en/Pages/ShariahContractsConceptsforTradeServices.aspx?tabs=1Bank Muamalat. (n.d.). Retrieved May 8, 2015, from Trade Finance http//www.muamalat.com.my/business-banking/corporate-banking/trade-finance/bwcf.htmlBillah, P. D. (n.d.). Applied Islamic Finance. Retrieved May 8, 2015, from Modern vs Islamic Bond http//applied-islamicfinance.com/category/readmore/61 (Billah)2 (Bank Muamalat)3 (Bank Islam)4 (Azhar)